Studying Methods (SQ3R and the 4Rs)


Studying Methods (SQ3R and the 4Rs)

There are several methods of studying but some of the most common methods are: the SQ3R, SQ4R, PQ4R and OK4R.
OK4R
O stands for Overview
K stands for Key Ideas
4R stands for Read, Recall, Reflect and Review.
Overview: The Preface, Abstract, Introduction and Table of Content are thoroughly read to have a good idea about what the material to be studied is all about.
Key ideas: The material to be studied is browsed through to get a little more detail about the central focus of each part of the text by looking closely at first paragraphs, conclusions and diagrams.
Read: The material or text is then thoroughly read from the beginning to the end of it.
Recall: The book is then closed and effort is made to remember all the key points that were addressed in the book. This has been proven to help reinforce understanding and retention.
Reflect: Here, the content of the material is compared to things that have been experienced or known. Relationships between what has been read and previous experience should be actively sought. This serves to improve understanding and retention.
Review: Leave the text and then revisit it again. If there is any part that is unclear, study it closely. This step helps with memory refreshing.

SQ4R
S stands for Survey
Q stands for Questions
4R stands for Reading, Reflecting, Reciting and Reviewing
Survey: Go through the entire text and try to picture what the text is all about.
Questions: Here, questions are asked. How difficult is the text? How much of the text seems strange? What is the aim of this chapter? Answers to these questions and many more must be duly noted. Not to worry, keep going if answers are not available yet.
Reading: Read the book actively and try to see if the questions asked previously can be answered. Just keep on reading and getting as much answers as can be got.
Reflecting: Associate as much of the material read with real life experiences as possible. This greatly improves your chance of remembering the content of the text.
Reciting: Read the text aloud. This step helps to associate content with sound. It can be done by answering questions about the text aloud. It aids retention.
Review: Go over the text or notes over and over again till the material is fully digested mentally and stored too!

SQ3R
A variant of the SQ4R study method. It is actually more popular than any other study method.
S stands for Survey
Q stands for Questions
3R stands for Read, Recite and Review
Survey: Glance through the book to get its message.
Question: Formulate questions about the text.
Read: Read the text using the guide gained from surveying and asking questions.
Recite: Try to answer as many questions as possible. It can be done by writing but preferably orally. It says “Recite”.
Review: Go over the text as many times as possible. Master the content of the text.

PQ4R
P stands for Preview.
Q stands for Question.
4R stands for Read, Reflect, Recite and Review.
Preview: Scan and skim through the material to be read and get an overview of its content.
Question: Create questions based on the material’s content.
Read: Go through the text thoroughly and take short notes. Try to answer questions created in the previous step.
Reflect: Try to make sense of the material studied by finding links, relationships and patterns within the text. Solve as many of the problems or questions in the material as possible.
Recite: Try to remember what have been read by asking questions and answering them aloud.

Review: Re-read the material, especially those parts that are unclear.

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